research project details
Project Title: An evaluation of the effectiveness of different limestone sand application models in the treatment of acidic waters
Investigator(s): W.E. Sharpe and D.R. DeWalle
Sponsor: R.K. Mellon Foundation
Environmental Problem Addressed:
Treatment of acidified streams.
Research Project Objectives:
The objective of this research project is to evaluate the effectiveness of different limestone sand application designs in the amelioration of surface water acidity on the Laurel Hill.
Summary:
Surface water acidity is a continuing problem that adversely impacts the water quality of more than 30% of the headwater streams on Pennsylvania’s Laurel Hill. Negative effects associated with acidic water include reduced fish and aquatic invertebrate populations. In extreme cases, all fish are absent from affected streams.
A great deal of work has been directed at finding a solution to surface water acidification problems. Among the simplest solutions is the addition of finely ground limestone (sand) directly into small stream channels. The chief advantage of this technique is its minimal cost. However, assessments of the effectiveness have revealed mixed results. One of the principal reasons for the variable performance of this technique is the different design criteria used to estimate the amount of limestone required.
The researchers will evaluate and test current limestone sand design criteria by installing a number of treatments that are widely used and one that is new. Data will be gathered from five sites. Evaluation will include performance at critical high flows, fish population changes, and changes in aquatic insect populations.
The results of this study will allow watershed managers to select the best design model for limestone sand applications. Study results will also provide data on the long-term enhancement of aquatic insect populations and on the ability of limestone sand applications to reduce peak aluminum concentrations and acidity associated with acid runoff episodes.
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